ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Dengue is a viral febrile infectious disease characterized by mild symptoms that can progress to dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Due to socioeconomic and environmental reasons, it is a significant public health problem in Brazil with high morbidity rates among children. The objective is to analyze the epidemiological behavior of dengue and DHF hospitalizations in Brazil and point out the importance of health surveillance. METHOD(S): Data were collected from the Sistema de Informacoes Hospitalares of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The study population was children from zero to 14 years old diagnosed with classic dengue and/or DHF from January 2008 to November 2021 in Brazil. The variables analyzed were hospitalizations and deaths over the years, hospitalization time and expenses. RESULT(S): A total of 192,424 hospitalizations for dengue and DHF were reported, of which 95.3% were considered medical emergencies. Its epidemiological behavior has fluctuated over the years, with an increase of 162.0% between 2017 and 2019, followed by a decreasing trend starting in 2020. Despite the low mortality rate (0.24%), this scenario was responsible for $12,347,942.38 in expenses and a total of 652,552 hospitalization days. CONCLUSION(S): Dengue is responsible for a major socioeconomic impact on Brazilian's public health system since its severe cases require intensive care to avoid shock, organ failure and death. Due to COVID-19 pandemic and population's fear of contamination in medical facilities, underreporting of arboviruses cases was observed. Since early diagnosis and monitoring are predictors of good prognosis, it is crucial to encourage notification, epidemiological surveillance and sanitary hygiene measures.
ABSTRACT
The Covid-19 pandemic presents itself as one of the greatest health challenges on a global scale. Brazil has thehighest number of cases and deaths in Latin America, given these underestimates. Teófilo Otoni is the polemunicipality of the northeast macroregion of Minas Gerais (MG) and its health network is a reference for 448,438inhabitants. The study aims to assess the current panorama of Covid-19 in the city of Teófilo Otoni, its futureperspective, and the impacts on mortality. For the preparation of this study, data were collected on Covid-19 inTeófilo Otoni according to official bulletins issued daily by the Health Department of the State of Minas Gerais. Adescriptive analysis of the data was carried out via a map with spatialization of the cases, and, for the numericalsimulation of the evolution of the cases, the epidemiologic mathematical model S.I.R (Susceptible, Infected andRecovered) was used, combining the Code Blocks software combined with Matlab. The northeastern macroregionhas high levels of illiteracy, many rural residents, and the presence of indigenous communities in situations of socialvulnerability. Thus, in this region are found about 54% of the municipalities classified among the 100 worst MunicipalHuman Development Indexes in MG. Although a reference, Teófilo Otoni, until April 12, had only 7 beds of intensivecare units (ICU) for Covid-19.The first confirmed case of the disease in the city occurred on April 22 and themunicipality followed the recommendations of the Ministry of Health, launched on April 6, to adopt the SelectiveSocial Distancing, since there were not more than 50% of the ICU beds occupied, thus helping the Expanded SocialDistancing that was being carried out. However, the cases increased, and on May 22 the city decreed the closure ofnonessential trade, intensifying the distance measures. Until June 8, Teófilo Otoni had 372 confirmed cases and 10deaths from Covid-19, which is worthy of the simulations of the research project “Covid-19/UFVJM Bulletin,” since298 and 535 infected were expected in the first week of this month, considering the contact rate close to reality(70%). However, by another analysis, the numbers are high, since the expectation for the first week of June, withhorizontal isolation, was between 5 and 6 cases. In addition, it is imperative to highlight that deaths in the regiontend to increase, since, on June 7, the two main hospitals in the city had 100% of their beds occupied. It appearsthat Teófilo Otoni is in a situation of public calamity, since the health network is not prepared to receive all patientsreferred with Covid-19 and who require ICU, which corresponds to about 3% (13,453) of cases. This reinforces theneed to analyze epidemiologic data, expand the region's hospital network, and improve mitigation measures, as theforecasts can supplement public policies to contain the progress of the disease.